Across courts.
Across jurisdictions.
An overview of the principal courts, tribunals and forums forming part of India's legal system.
India's integrated
judiciary.
India's judiciary operates through an integrated system of courts, with the Supreme Court at the apex and High Courts overseeing judicial administration within their respective jurisdictions. The system encompasses courts at the national, state and district levels, alongside specialised tribunals and alternative dispute resolution forums.
Supreme Court of India
Constitutional · Appellate · Original
India's apex court with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction, including constitutional matters and appeals from courts and tribunals.
High Courts
State / Union Territory jurisdictions
High Courts sit at the head of judicial administration within their respective territorial jurisdictions, exercising original, appellate and supervisory jurisdiction.
District & Subordinate Courts
Trial · Civil · Criminal
Courts exercising original jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters at the district and subordinate levels.
25 High Courts
Each High Court exercises jurisdiction over one or more states and Union Territories, serving as the principal civil court of original jurisdiction and the appellate court within its territory.
Allahabad High Court
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh High Court
Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh
Bombay High Court
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Calcutta High Court
Kolkata, West Bengal
Chhattisgarh High Court
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
Delhi High Court
New Delhi, Delhi
Specialised forums and alternative mechanisms operating alongside the conventional court structure.
Tribunals
Specialised adjudicatory bodies established under statute to handle matters requiring domain expertise.
Arbitral Forums
Domestic and international arbitration and related proceedings under various institutional rules.
Regulatory & Statutory Authorities
Proceedings before statutory and regulatory authorities established under specific legislation.
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Mediation, conciliation and Lok Adalats as alternative mechanisms for resolution of disputes.
How jurisdiction
works.
A matter may move through different levels of the judicial system depending on its nature, statutory framework and appellate structure.
Original Jurisdiction
Where proceedings begin before the relevant court or forum.
Appellate Jurisdiction
Where a higher court reviews a decision of a lower court or forum.
Specialised Jurisdiction
Where legislation assigns particular matters to specialised tribunals or authorities.
Contact the Chambers.
For professional enquiries, chambers information and other matters, please contact the Chambers.